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Spandau (locality)

Spandau (locality)

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Spandau
Quarter of Berlin
Old Town (Altstadt Spandau)
Old Town (Altstadt Spandau)
Spandau is located in Germany
Spandau
Coordinates 52°32′10″N 13°12′12″ECoordinates: 52°32′10″N 13°12′12″E
Administration
Country Germany
State Berlin
City Berlin
Borough Spandau
Quarter subdivisions 4 zones
   
Basic statistics
Area 8.03 km2 (3.10 sq mi)
Elevation 35 m  (115 ft)
Population 33,433  (30 June 2008)
 - Density 4,164 /km2 (10,783 /sq mi)
Founded 1197
Other information
Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Licence plate B
Postal codes (nr. 0501) 13403, 13407, 13409

Spandau is a locality (Ortsteil) of Berlin in the homonymous borough (Bezirk) of Spandau. The historic city is situated, for the most part, on the western banks of the Havel river. As of 2008 the estimated population of Spandau was 33,433.

Contents

Geography

Position

The locality is situated in the middle of its borough. It borders Wilhelmstadt in the south, Staaken and Falkenhagener Feld in the west, Hakenfelde in the north as well as Haselhorst, Siemensstadt and Westend (in Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf district) in the east.

Subdivision

Spandau proper is subdivided into 4 historic neighbourhoods (Ortslagen):

  1. Altstadt Spandau (Old Town)
  2. Neustadt Spandau (New Town, the northern expansion)
  3. Stresow (east of the Havel)
  4. Kolk-Spandau

History

Old Town and Saint Nikolai Church
Citadel
Town hall

The city was founded at the confluence of the rivers Spree and Havel. The settlement of the area can be traced back to the sixth century when the eastern territories of the Elbe river were populated by several Slavic tribes. The history of Spandau begins in the 7th century or 8th century, when the Slav Hevelli settled in the area and later built a fortress there. It was conquered in 928 by the German King Henry I, but returned to Slavic rule after the rebellion of 983. In 1156, the Ascanian count Albert the Bear took possession of the region and is believed to have established a fortress here, from which the name Spandau originated. It was around this fortress that the city of Spandow developed, becoming the centre of the entire region.

1197 marked the first mention as Spandowe in a deed of Otto II, Margrave of Brandenburg - thus forty years earlier than the Cölln part of medieval Berlin. Spandau was given city rights in 1232.

During the Ascanian Rule the construction of the Spandau Citadel began, which was completed between 1559 and 1594 by Joachim II of Brandenburg. In 1558 the village of Gatow became part of Spandau. During the Thirty Years' War Spandau was surrendered to the Swedes in 1634.

In 1806, after the Battle of Jena and Auerstedt, French troops under Napoleon took possession of the city and stayed there until 1807. In 1812, Napoleon returned and the Spandau Citadel was besieged in 1813 by Prussian and Russian troops.

From 1849 on the poet and revolutionary Gottfried Kinkel had been an inmate of the Spandau town prison, until he was freed by his friend Carl Schurz on the night of November 6, 1850

Before World War I, Spandau was a seat of large, government, cannon foundries, factories for making gunpowder, and other munitions of war making, it a centre of the arms industry in the German Empire. It was also a garrison town with numerous barracks, home of the 5th Guards Infantry Brigade and the 5th Foot Guards of the German Army. In 1920, the independent city of Spandau (whose name had been changed from Spandow in 1878) was incorporated into Greater Berlin as a borough.

After World War II until 1990, when Berlin was divided into four sections administered by the victorious Allies, Spandau was part of the British Occupation Zone in West Berlin. The Spandau Prison, built in 1876, was used to house Nazi war criminals who were sentenced to imprisonment at the Nuremberg Trials. After the death of its last inmate, Rudolf Hess in 1987, Spandau Prison was completely demolished by the allied powers and later replaced by a shopping mall.

Places of interest

Transportation

Railway station

Spandau is served by the Berliner S-Bahn lines S75 and S3; and by the U-Bahn line U7. The main railway station is Berlin Spandau, one of the most important of the city.

References

See also

External links

Media related to Spandau at Wikimedia Commons

Author:Bling King
Published:May 25th 2012
Modified:May 25th 2012
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